{"id":594,"date":"2017-04-27T22:05:31","date_gmt":"2017-04-27T22:05:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/healingmusicenterprises.com\/brain_blog\/?p=594"},"modified":"2017-04-27T22:06:51","modified_gmt":"2017-04-27T22:06:51","slug":"brain-science-looks-musics-effects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/healingmusicenterprises.com\/brain_blog\/2017\/04\/brain-science-looks-musics-effects\/","title":{"rendered":"Brain Science looks at Music&#8217;s Effects"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"float: left; margin-right: 10px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/share\" class=\"twitter-share-button\" data-via=\"music4surgery\" data-count=\"vertical\" data-url=\"https:\/\/healingmusicenterprises.com\/brain_blog\/2017\/04\/brain-science-looks-musics-effects\/\">Tweet<\/a><\/div>\n<p>I&#8217;ve always been fascinated by brain science and how music affects our brains and why we humans respond so powerfully to music of all kinds! \u00a0Luckily for me, brain scientists are also really interested in this subject and new articles come out frequently that help to explain this phenomenon to us!<\/p>\n<p>Today I came across a very interesting article that expounded upon the 8 surprising ways that music affects our brains. \u00a0One of my biggest dreams is to find at least one way, and maybe a few more ways that we can use music to noticeably improve our quality of life! \u00a0Here&#8217;s what this lady says: \u00a0This fabulous article can be found at\u00a0https:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/music-and-the-brain. \u00a0Enjoy!<\/p>\n<h2>1. Happy\/sad music affects how we see neutral faces:<\/h2>\n<p>We can usually pick if a piece of music is particularly happy or sad, but this isn\u2019t just a subjective idea that comes from how it makes us feel. In fact, our brains actually respond differently to happy and sad music.<\/p>\n<p>Even short pieces of happy or sad music can affect us. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0304394009003279\" class=\"broken_link\">One study<\/a> showed that <strong>after hearing a short piece of music, participants were more likely to interpret a neutral expression as happy or sad, to match the tone of the music they heard<\/strong>. This also happened with other facial expressions, but was most notable for those that were close to neutral.<\/p>\n<p>Something else that\u2019s really interesting about <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/10-scientifically-proven-ways-to-make-yourself-happier\">how our emotions are affected by music<\/a>\u00a0is that <strong>there are two kind of emotions related to music: <em>perceived<\/em> emotions and <em>felt<\/em> emotions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>This means that sometimes we can understand the emotions of a piece of music <a href=\"http:\/\/www.spring.org.uk\/2013\/07\/why-do-we-enjoy-listening-to-sad-music.php\">without actually feeling them<\/a>, which explains why some of us find listening to sad music enjoyable, rather than depressing.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike in real life situations, we don\u2019t feel any real threat or danger when listening to music, so we can <em>perceive<\/em> the related emotions without truly feeling them\u2014almost like <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/10-scientifically-proven-ways-to-make-yourself-happier\">vicarious emotions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>2. Ambient noise can improve creativity<\/h2>\n<p>We all like to pump up the tunes when we\u2019re powering through our to-do lists, right? But when it comes to creative work, loud music may not be the best option.<\/p>\n<p>It turns out that\u00a0<strong>a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/10.1086\/665048\" class=\"broken_link\">moderate noise level<\/a>\u00a0is the sweet spot for creativity<\/strong>. Even more than low noise levels, ambient noise apparently gets our creative juices flowing, and doesn\u2019t put us off the way high levels of noise do.<\/p>\n<p>The way this works is that\u00a0<strong>moderate noise levels increase processing difficulty which promotes abstract processing, leading to higher creativity<\/strong>. In other words, when we struggle (just enough) to process things as we normally would, we resort to more creative approaches.<\/p>\n<p>In high noise levels, however, our creative thinking is impaired because we\u2019re overwhelmed and struggle to process information efficiently.<\/p>\n<p>This is very similar to <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/the-science-of-how-room-temperature-and-lighting-affects-our-productivity\">how temperature and lighting can affect our productivity<\/a>, where paradoxically a slightly more crowded place can be beneficial.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>3. Our music choices can predict our personality<\/h2>\n<p><b>Enjoying this post?<\/b> <a href=\"http:\/\/bufferapp.com\/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_campaign=music-and-brain\">Share it with your followers<\/a> at the exact right time with Buffer!<\/p>\n<p>Take this one with a grain of salt, because it\u2019s only been tested on young adults (that I know of), but it\u2019s still really interesting.<\/p>\n<p>In a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.spring.org.uk\/2007\/02\/personality-secrets-in-your-mp3-player.php\">study<\/a> of couples who spent time getting to know each other, <strong>looking at each other\u2019s top ten favorite songs actually provided fairly reliable predictions as to the listener\u2019s personality traits<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The study used five personality traits for the test: openness to experience, <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/introverts-and-extroverts-what-they-are-and-how-to-get-along-with-everyone\">extraversion<\/a>, agreeableness, conscientiousness and emotional stability.<\/p>\n<p>Interestingly, some traits were more accurately predicted based on the person\u2019s listening habits than others. For instance, <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/introverts-and-extroverts-what-they-are-and-how-to-get-along-with-everyone\">openness to experience, extraversion and emotional stability<\/a> were the easiest to guess correctly<\/strong>. Conscientiousness, on the other hand, wasn\u2019t obvious based on musical taste.<\/p>\n<p>Here is also a break-down of how the different genres correspond to our personality, according to a study conducted at Heriot-Watt University:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bufferblog-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/music-and-personality.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/bufferblog-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/music-and-personality.jpg\" alt=\"music and personality\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>To break it down, here is the connection they have found:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Blues fans<\/strong>\u00a0have high self-esteem, are creative, outgoing, gentle and at ease<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Jazz fans<\/strong>\u00a0have high self-esteem, are creative, outgoing and at ease<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Classical music fans<\/strong>\u00a0have high self-esteem, are creative, introvert and at ease<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Rap fans<\/strong>\u00a0have high self-esteem and are outgoing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Opera fans<\/strong>\u00a0have high self-esteem, are creative and gentle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Country and western fans<\/strong>\u00a0are hardworking and outgoing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reggae fans<\/strong>\u00a0have high self-esteem, are creative, not hardworking, outgoing, gentle and at ease<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dance fans<\/strong>\u00a0are creative and outgoing but not gentle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Indie fans<\/strong>\u00a0have low self-esteem, are creative, not hard working, and not gentle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bollywood fans<\/strong>\u00a0are creative and outgoing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Rock\/heavy metal fans<\/strong>\u00a0have low self-esteem, are creative, not hard-working, not outgoing, gentle, and at ease<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chart pop fans<\/strong>\u00a0have high self-esteem, are hardworking, outgoing and gentle, but are not creative and not at ease<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Soul fans<\/strong>\u00a0have high self-esteem, are creative, outgoing, gentle, and at ease<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Of course, generalizing based on this study is very hard. However looking at\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/introverts-and-extroverts-what-they-are-and-how-to-get-along-with-everyone\">the science of introverts and extroverts<\/a>, there is some clear overlap.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Music can significantly distract us while driving (contrary to common belief)<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.spring.org.uk\/2013\/08\/music-in-the-car-does-it-enhance-or-distract.php\">Another study<\/a> done on teenagers and young adults focused on how their driving is affected by music.<\/p>\n<p>Drivers were tested while listening to their own choice of music, silence or \u201csafe\u201d music choices provided by the researchers. Of course, their own music was preferred, but it also proved to be more distracting: <strong>drivers made more mistakes and drove more aggressively when listening to their own choice of music<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Even more surprising: music provided by the researchers proved to be more beneficial than no music at all. It seems that unfamiliar, or uninteresting, music is best for safe driving.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>5. Music training can significantly improve our motor and reasoning skills<\/h2>\n<p>We generally assume that learning a musical instrument can be beneficial for kids, but it\u2019s actually useful in more ways than we might expect. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003566\">One study<\/a> showed that <strong>children who had three years or more musical instrument training performed better than those who didn\u2019t learn an instrument in auditory discrimination abilities and fine motor skills<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/bufferblog-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/nrn2152-f1.jpg\" alt=\"nrn2152-f1\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>They also tested better on vocabulary and nonverbal reasoning skills, which involve understanding and analyzing visual information<\/strong>, such as identifying relationships, similarities and differences between shapes and patterns.<\/p>\n<p>These two areas in particular are quite removed from musical training as we imagine it, so it\u2019s fascinating to see<a href=\"http:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/why-exercising-makes-us-happier\"> how learning to play an instrument can help kids develop such a wide variety of important skills<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Similar research shows <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/why-exercising-makes-us-happier\">this correlation for exercise and motor skills in the same way<\/a>, which is also fascinating.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>6. Classical music can improve visual attention<\/h2>\n<p>It\u2019s not just kids that can benefit from musical training or exposure. <strong>Stroke patients in one small study showed <a href=\"http:\/\/ajot.aotapress.net\/content\/67\/3\/328\" class=\"broken_link\">improved visual attention<\/a> while listening to classical music<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The study also tried white noise and silence to compare the results, and found that, like the driving study mentioned earlier, <strong>silence resulted in the worst scores<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Because this study was so small, the conclusions need to be explored further for validation, but I find it really interesting how music and noise can affect our other senses and abilities\u2014in this case, vision.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>7. One-sided phone calls are more distracting than normal conversations<\/h2>\n<p>Another study focused on noise, rather than music, showed that <strong>when it comes to being distracted by the conversations of others, phone calls where we can only hear one side of the conversation are <a href=\"http:\/\/www.technewsdaily.com\/17289-why-overheard-phone-calls-are-distracting.html\">the worst offenders<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>After a survey showed that <strong>up to 82% of people find overhearing cellphone conversations annoying<\/strong>, Veronica Galv\u00e1n, a cognitive psychologist at the University of San Diego, decided to study why these are such a pain.<\/p>\n<p>In the study, participants completed word puzzles while one half of them overheard one side of a mundane phone conversation in the background. The other half of the volunteers heard the entire conversation as it took place between two people in the room.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Those who heard the one-sided phone conversation found it more distracting than those who heard both people speaking<\/strong>. They also remembered more of the conversation, showing that it had grabbed their attention more than those who heard both sides and didn\u2019t remember as much of the discussion.<\/p>\n<p>The unpredictability of a one-sided conversation seems to be <a href=\"http:\/\/www.technewsdaily.com\/17289-why-overheard-phone-calls-are-distracting.html\">the cause<\/a> of it grabbing our attention more. Hearing both sides of a conversation, on the other hand, gives us more context which makes it easier to tune out the distraction.<\/p>\n<p>Then again, as we\u2019ve explored before, <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/dont-stop-procrastinating-procrastination-doesnt-need-a-cure-structured-distraction\">getting distracted<\/a> is often not such a bad things <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/dont-stop-procrastinating-procrastination-doesnt-need-a-cure-structured-distraction\">for various reasons<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>8. Music helps us exercise<\/h2>\n<p>Back to music again, and we can see that just like silence doesn\u2019t help us to be more creative or better drivers, <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/why-exercising-makes-us-happier\">it\u2019s not much use when we\u2019re exercising<\/a>, either.<\/p>\n<p>Research on the effects of music during exercise has been done for years. In 1911, an American researcher, Leonard Ayres, found that cyclists pedaled faster <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/why-exercising-makes-us-happier\">while listening to music<\/a> than they did in silence.<\/p>\n<p>This happens because listening to music can drown out our brain\u2019s cries of fatigue. As our body realizes we\u2019re tired and wants to stop exercising, it sends signals to the brain to stop for a break. <strong>Listening to music competes for our brain\u2019s attention, and can help us to override those signals of fatigue<\/strong>, though this is mostly beneficial for low- and moderate-intensity exercise. During high-intensity exercise, music isn\u2019t as powerful at pulling our brain\u2019s attention away from the pain of the workout.<\/p>\n<p>Not only can we push through the pain to exercise longer and harder when we listen to music, but it can actually help us to use our energy more efficiently. A <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article.cfm?id=psychology-workout-music\">2012 study<\/a> showed that <strong>cyclists who listened to music required 7% less oxygen to do the same work as those who cycled in silence<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Some <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article.cfm?id=psychology-workout-music\">recent research<\/a> has shown that there\u2019s a ceiling effect on music at around 145 bpm, where anything higher doesn\u2019t seem to add much motivation, so keep that in mind when choosing your workout playlist. Here is how this breaks down for different genres:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bufferblog-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/Screen-Shot-2013-11-20-at-8.29.58-AM.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/bufferblog-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/Screen-Shot-2013-11-20-at-8.29.58-AM.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2013-11-20 at 8.29.58 AM\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Now if we team up these different \u201ctempos\u201d with the actual work-out we\u2019re doing, we can be in much better sync and find the right beat for our exercise. If you match up the above with the graphic below it should be super easy to get into a good groove:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bufferblog-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/Screen-Shot-2013-11-20-at-8.30.17-AM.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/bufferblog-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/Screen-Shot-2013-11-20-at-8.30.17-AM.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2013-11-20 at 8.30.17 AM\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>So in the same way <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.bufferapp.com\/why-exercising-makes-us-happier\">that exercising makes us happier<\/a>, it\u2019s not surprising that music adds significantly to our work-out success.<\/p>\n<p>What have you noticed about how music affects you? Let us know in the comments.<\/p>\n<p>Image credits: <a href=\"https:\/\/suitesculturelles.files.wordpress.com\/2011\/12\/brain-and-music.jpg\">Suites Culturelles<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nrn\/journal\/v8\/n7\/full\/nrn2152.html\">Nature Reviews Neuroscience<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/aliarda\/7223175126\/sizes\/s\/in\/photostream\/\">Ali eminov<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pacedj.com\/category\/updates\/\">PaceDJ<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tweet I&#8217;ve always been fascinated by brain science and how music affects our brains and why we humans respond so powerfully to music of all kinds! \u00a0Luckily for me, brain scientists are also really interested in this subject and new articles come out frequently that help to explain this phenomenon to us! Today I came [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59,55],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.10 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Brain Science looks at Music&#039;s Effects - The Brain and Music<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/healingmusicenterprises.com\/brain_blog\/2017\/04\/brain-science-looks-musics-effects\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Brain Science looks at Music&#039;s Effects - The Brain and Music\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tweet I&#8217;ve always been fascinated by brain science and how music affects our brains and why we humans respond so powerfully to music of all kinds! \u00a0Luckily for me, brain scientists are also really interested in this subject and new articles come out frequently that help to explain this phenomenon to us! 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